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The classical virial expansion expresses the pressure of a many-particle system in equilibrium as a power series in the density. The virial expansion, introduced in 1901 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, is a generalization of the ideal gas law. He wrote that for a gas containing atoms or molecules, : where is the pressure, is the Boltzmann constant, is the absolute temperature, and is the number density of the gas. Note that for a gas containing a fraction of (Avogadro's number) molecules, truncation of the virial expansion after the first term leads to , which is the ideal gas law. Writing , the virial expansion can be written as :. The virial coefficients are characteristic of the interactions between the particles in the system and in general depend on the temperature . Virial expansion can also be applied to aqueous ionic solutions, as shown by Harold Friedman. == See also == *Virial theorem *Statistical mechanics *Equation of state 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「virial expansion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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